Architectural lighting design

The scene of the building is different from that seen in daylight and floodlights. First, the natural light from the top down, the direction is consistent, and lighting direction is from bottom to top, and on Yu Guangyuan's position; secondly, since the day the environment is bright, is people's perception of the buildings and their surroundings all night, and the environment is dark, people's perception is light part of the black background; third is the light spectrum and light composition are different, if you use some of the gas discharge lamp, the greater the difference. In addition, the diurnal light is changing, while the floodlights are stationary. Although people can also be used to change the floodlight, but its essence is different.

1 object selection

In the determination of the object must be taken into account in the construction of the object, the history and the significance of the shape, and especially the housing should be light, excessive use will lose the meaning of flood light. It should be clear: "it is to show beauty, not to create beauty". The advantage of floodlights is that they can take advantage of the relationship between light and shadow, illuminate the parts that need to be displayed, and hide the parts that do not appear in the shadows. And the illuminated object should have a relevant background, and make it the other in history or architectural, anything related to the 1 - link in vision. In order to ensure the effect of lighting at night, the day of the selected object and viewpoint, should be in the evening to do a full observation, so as to avoid other aspects of the light caused by glare or snatch attention.

2 line of sight and light

Lighting is not the illuminated objects totally immersed in a light, but through light and shadow changes and brightness gradient shows its three-dimensional shape and surface texture, so the light projection direction and the viewing direction is very important. Must the light and the illuminated surface at an angle, in general, the beam axis and the angle between the surface of buildings in 450 is appropriate, as shown in Figure 5 - 24 shows if the surface concavity of smaller, less than 45 ", as shown in Figure 5 shows a 24b.

In order for a surface to be illuminated to be balanced and constant, all shadows must be in one direction, so that the direction of illumination must be consistent in a field of view.

If the direction of the two light sources is symmetrical to the normal of the surface, the shadow will be offset, and the surface irregularities can not be seen. However, when the facade has a large component protruding, it will cause a large and deep shadow. This shadow undermines the integrity of the facade, which can be softened with a weak light, and the light of the auxiliary lamp should be approximately 900 of the main light, as shown in Figure - 24c.

In order to be able to see the shadow and concave and convex, the viewer's line of sight can not be consistent with the direction of light, the angle between the two directions should be at least 45.. For objects that have to be viewed in several directions, such as a monument, a major direction should be selected in several directions.

3 Determination of brightness and illuminance

In order to ensure that the illuminated object can have appropriate visibility, by the average brightness of face must be the size of the background, Ming An and its surroundings environment must be commensurate with the light shone bright can see. According to the following suggestions are generally face lighting brightness: bad environment 4cd/m2 rural small towns, big city suburb of 6cd/m2; in the big city business district, entertainment district 12cd/m2.

The illuminance of floodlight can be calculated according to the requirement of brightness and the reflectivity of material. The illuminance of the facade of a building can also be listed in Table 5 - 18.

Table 5 - 18 minimum illumination value of building facade (LX)

Material Science

surrounding environment

Dark

Lighter

Paint

Light

Dark

Thirty

One hundred

One hundred and twenty

Four hundred

Limestone / sandstone

Light

Dark

Forty

Eighty

One hundred and sixty

Three hundred and twenty

Fired brick / concrete

Light

Dark

Fifty

Eighty

Two hundred

Three hundred and twenty

Granite

Light

Dark

Fifty

One hundred and fifty

Two hundred

Five hundred

Adobe cat

Light

Dark

Thirty

One hundred and fifty

One hundred and twenty

Five hundred

Marble

Light

Dark

Thirty

Three hundred

One hundred and twenty

Nine hundred

4 the use of light

It is difficult to handle the colored light, it is necessary to remember that the color is used to strengthen the color of the surface, but also damage the color of other parts. When a facade is made of different materials, it is best to use white light. Through the color filter can be obtained more saturated color, can be used to obtain a better effect, but it is only suitable for the application of color lighting, such as a short time, and through the filter, the loss of more light energy. In addition, different color temperature can sometimes be used to express certain feelings, such as low color temperature of warm colored light that is close and close; high color temperature of the cold color of the sublime and far away.

5 glare and control of nearby residents

Control the scattered light and the reflected light of the light source of the floodlight, do not produce glare which can not be accepted by the audience and interfere with the neighboring residents.

The control of glare mainly depends on the choice of the lamp position and the light distribution of the lamp. If the lamp position is appropriate, and can be hidden, can avoid glare. As for the glare caused by the reflected light of the object, the brightness of the background (i.e., increasing the adaptation level of the human eye) can be improved.

For the interference of neighboring residents, it is suggested that the maximum value of the illuminance of the commercial district or the mixed residential area is 50lx, the residential area in the bright environment is 20lx, and the residential area in the dark environment is 10lx. This means that all the illumination of the floodlight to the windows of nearby residents shall not exceed the values listed above.