The essence of LED lighting industry: centralization and decentralization

Luminescence principle of traditional lighting, through the metal heating converting heat energy into light energy, the efficiency is very low, only about 7%. The principle of LED is that when the electrons pass through a layer of semiconductor material, the semiconductor material is excited to convert the electric energy into light energy, so the light can be directly transmitted without heating. At present, LED can convert 40% of the electric energy into light energy. With the progress of technology, the conversion rate will be higher and higher, the theory may reach 70%. This is a qualitative leap in the history of lighting, such a good energy-saving effect, but also to become a major factor in the future of lighting. The market research agency estimates that the global lighting market will reach $117 billion 800 million in 2012, China lighting market has reached a large scale of 100 billion yuan in 2010. In this year's trend of low-carbon energy, the rapid rise of LED lighting as a new generation of technical standards, and further stimulate the demand for the recent lighting market. If both the EU and China plan to eliminate all of the old incandescent bulbs by 2012, China is expected to replace only 150 million bulbs in 11th Five-Year. However, in the face of such a huge market, leading Chinese lighting companies, such as OPPLE and NVC, through more than ten years of exploration and development, in the Chinese market share is even less than 1%, tens of thousands of China lighting manufacturers total profits, not the global lighting industry giant PHILPS, OSRAM or Ge a fraction? Is it just because they have a long history of accumulation, so that we can only extend great admiration? Not so, we found that in the past 20 years, young Japanese Nichia, South Korea Seoul and Taiwan Chinese semiconductor photoelectron billion broke the big three, monopoly, do latecomers become the first. Why is this? It turned out that the traditional giants and successful emerging companies, because they seize the essence of the lighting industry, only to achieve success. What is the nature of the lighting industry? Through the analysis of the success of our lighting companies, they have found the following: has the core technology, through cross licensing between manufacturers, building technical barriers, implementation technology of "centralization", restricting competition to improve the profit rate; at the same time open patent technology, carry out in-depth cooperation with the manufacturers, with "decentralization" to broaden the market, grasp the market mainstream development direction. Grasp the balance of centralization and decentralization, give full play to the effectiveness of technology, this common ground, it is the essence of the lighting industry. The Chinese lighting companies started in the early 90s, today has begun to take shape, in the Chinese market stand firm. But China enterprises concentrated in the lowest profit, the most competitive industrial chain of the most low-end, fast track management mode, light technology market concept, makes no hope to break up. How to compete with international companies on a higher platform to explore the sustainable power of local prices and operating advantages? This paper will make a detailed analysis of how to grasp the nature of the industry enterprises, the balance process of centralization and decentralization, combined with the interpretation of the first breakthrough in OPPLE, NVC in the domestic market, as China enterprises for the second time, the nature of the industry breakthrough for promotion of industrial chain, suggestions. Chinese companies will not play, can only take a small head, to help others make money! In the LED lighting industry chain, the upstream epitaxial film, cutting and chips accounted for 70% of the profits, and foreign companies have the largest 85-90% patents related to the. Most of the Chinese mainland enterprises do packaging and applications, competitive, low profit margins.

From the perspective of industry chain lighting industry, lighting industry history to represent the essence of technology, is divided into three stages: the era of filament lamp (Bai Chideng) and gas lamp (fluorescent lamp) era, the era of semiconductor lighting (LED). Among them, with the longest history of incandescent lamps and the future of the mainstream LED, as the most important point of view. Our study found that, regardless of the era of technology, the lighting industry chain is surprisingly similar. Here we compare the old bulbs, to introduce the LED industry chain. The bulb production process and production five step process of a typical tungsten lamp product, need the following five steps: tungsten materials production: tungsten lighting material is a kind of tungsten alloy, it is the ratio of the elements, has great influence on the luminous efficiency. Edison's greatest contribution is to find the case at the time the most suitable light-emitting materials. The extraction of tungsten wire: the form is the necessary means to maximize the efficiency, after hundreds of years of practice, the filament finally formed the shape of the cyclotron bend. Small to medium size, easy to burn, too thick the luminous intensity is not enough, and the cost is high. Filament industry standards, the filament is the largest part of the provisions of. With the lamp holder: the car without wheels, horse without saddle, soldiers without food, how general? Lamp holder is a very important part of the power supply equipment. With the light bulb: bulb because of the vacuum, so that the heating filament is not oxidized. The degree of vacuum determines the service life of the bulb. Lamp application: the final realization of the value of lighting products, is how to use. Such as the lamp, that is, light bulbs and other components, and moved to the desk. LED production process - the same is the production of five - step epitaxial wafer - material: "epitaxial film" Epitaxial Slice composite material, is the core of LED. As mentioned above, the principle of LED is that when the electrons pass through a layer of semiconductor material, the semiconductor material is excited to convert the electric energy