Inventory incandescent lamp, energy saving lamp, fluorescent lamp, LED lamp respective characteristics

Incandescent lamp

The incandescent lamp is called light bulb, its working principle is the current through the filament (tungsten, the melting point of more than 3 thousand degrees Celsius) when heat is generated, the spiral filament will continue to heat accumulation, the filament temperature reaches 2000 degrees Celsius, the filament in incandescent state, like a red hot iron can shine like light. The higher the temperature of the filament, the brighter the light. Incandescent lamp. Incandescent light, a large amount of electricity will be converted into heat, only a small part (probably less than 1%, not calculated) can be converted into useful light.

The light emitted by an incandescent lamp is a full shade of light, but the proportion of the components of the various colored light is determined by the emission of the material (tungsten) and the temperature. Imbalance in the proportion of the color of the light led to the color, so the color of the object is not enough in the incandescent lamp.

The life of an incandescent lamp is related to the temperature of the filament, because the higher the temperature, the easier it is to sublimate the filament. Both ends of the fluorescent lamp blackening process is: tungsten tungsten sublimation directly into gas, the gas tungsten met with lower temperature of tube wall and sublimation in the lamp tube wall and black,

When the tungsten filament is sublimated to a relatively thin, it is easy to burn off after power up, thus ending the life of the lamp. Therefore, the greater the power of incandescent lamp, life is short.

Shortcomings:

The incandescent lamp is the lowest efficiency in all electric lighting fixtures. It consumes power only a small part, namely 12%18% can be transformed into energy, and the rest are in the form of heat dissipation. As for the lighting time, the service life of the lamp is usually not more than 1000 hours.

Fluorescent lamp

Fluorescent lamp, also known as fluorescent lamp, it works: fluorescent tube is simply a sealed gas discharge tube. The main gas in the tube is argon (argon) gas (also contains neon neon or krypton krypton) atmospheric pressure of about 0.3%. It also contains a few drops of mercury - a tiny amount of mercury vapor. Mercury accounts for about 1/1000 of all gas atoms.

The fluorescent lamp is the light of the mercury atoms of the lamp tube, and the ultraviolet light is released from the gas discharge process (the main wavelength is 2537 =2537 * 10-10m). About 60% of the energy consumed can be converted to ultraviolet light. Other energy is converted into heat energy.

Fluorescent lamp by the fluorescent material on the inner surface of the tube to absorb ultraviolet light after the release of visible light. Different fluorescent substances emit different visible light. The efficiency of conversion of visible light to visible light is about 40%. So the efficiency of the fluorescent lamp is about 60% x 40% = 24% - about the same as that of a tungsten filament lamp, which is about two times as high.

Shortcomings:

Fluorescent lamp is the disadvantage of the production process and waste after the environmental pollution, mainly mercury pollution, not environmental protection. With process improvement, to gradually reduce the pollution of mercury amalgam.

Energy saving light

Energy saving lamp, also known as compact fluorescent lamp (referred to as CFL lamp) with high light efficiency (5 times the ordinary light bulb), energy saving effect is obvious, long life (is the ordinary light bulb of the 8 times), small size, easy to use and other advantages. Its working principle is basically the same as that of fluorescent lamp.

Energy saving lamps in addition to white (Leng Guang), and now there are yellow (warm). In general, under the same wattage, an energy saving lamp than incandescent lamp energy saving 80%, the average life expectancy of more than 8 times, thermal radiation is only about 20%. In the case of non strict, a 5 Watt energy-saving lighting can be regarded as equal to 25 watt incandescent lamp, the energy saving light of about 7 watts is equal to about 40 watts, about 9 watts.

Shortcomings:

Electromagnetic radiation energy-saving lamp from ionization, electron gas and mercury occurred at the same time, energy-saving lamps need to add rare earth phosphor, rare earth fluorescent powder itself is radioactive, energy-saving lamps will produce ionizing radiation (i.e. radiation radiation), compared with the electromagnetic radiation on the human body against the uncertainty of excessive radiation, nuclear radiation the harm to human body is more worthy of attention. In addition, due to the limitations of the working principle of energy-saving lamps, mercury lamps will inevitably become a major source of pollution. 1 ordinary energy-saving lamp mercury content of about 5 mg, only with a ballpoint pen tip, but into the ground caused by 1800 tons of water pollution.

LED lamp

LED (LightEmittingDiode), a light emitting diode, is a solid state semiconductor device that converts electrical energy into visible light. LED's heart is a semiconductor chip,

One end of the wafer is attached to a bracket, one end is a negative electrode, and the other end is connected with the positive pole of the power supply, so that the whole chip is encapsulated by epoxy resin. The semiconductor chip is made up of two parts, one part is the P type semiconductor, in which the hole is dominant, the other end is the N type semiconductor. But when these two semiconductors are connected, they form a P-N junction. When the current through the wire to the chip, the electron will be pushed to the P area, in the P area of the electron and hole compound, and then will be in the form of photon energy, which is the principle of LED luminescence. The wavelength of light is the color of light, which is determined by the material that forms the P-N junction.

At first, LED was used as the light source of the instrument, and the LED of various light colors were widely used in traffic lights and large area display screen. In the 12 inch red traffic lights, for example, in the United States was originally a long life, low light efficiency of the 140 watt incandescent lamp as a light source, it produces a lumen of 2000